Short yoke stitched writer with low DC coil resistance

ABSTRACT

Present processes used for planarizing a cavity filled with a coil and hard baked photoresist require that a significant amount of the thickness of the coils be removed. This increases the DC resistance of the coil. In the present invention, cavity and coil are overfilled with photoresist which is then hard baked. A layer of alumina is then deposited onto the surface of the excess photoresist, following which CMP is initiated. The presence of the alumina serves to stabilize the photoresist so that it does not delaminate. CMP is terminated as soon as the coils are exposed, allowing their full thickness to be retained and resulting in minimum DC resistance.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the general field of magnetic disks with particular reference to write heads for very narrow tracks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For high data rate writer application, one of the requirements is to have fast saturation and low inductance to induce short rise time. On the other hand, a low fly height for high areal density recording beyond 60 GB is needed in order to have better head performance. Many reliability problems are, however, associated with this low fly height. Problems such as thermal pole tip protrusion induced by thermal mismatch between alumina and pole materials during the writing process will create a head-disk interface problem and eventually will damage the read head. One of the solutions to reducing thermal pole tip protrusion is to reduce DC coil resistance of the writer so that less heat is generated during the writing process. Additionally, lower DC coil resistance improves the coil's thermal reliability.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section through a typical stitched writer design having two coil layers. Seen in FIG. 1 are GMR read head 10, read head lower shield 11, read head upper shield 12, write head bottom pole 13 (P1), lower coil insulation 14. seed layers 15 and 17, write gap 16, stitched top pole 19, lower coil 20, upper coil 21, upper coil insulation 22, top pole 23, coil lead 24, and alumina layer 25

The main drawback of this 2 layer coil stitched writer structure is its high DC coil resistance. This is a result of the prior art processes used for its manufacture. In particular, because of the small size and internal spacings of the coils, the preferred material for enclosing and electrically isolating the coils has been hard baked photoresist. This material is well suited to filling in tiny openings and is soft enough to accommodate volume changes in the coils due to thermal expansion while they are operating at maximum power. Present processes used for planarizing a cavity filled with a coil and hard baked photoresist require that a significant amount of the thickness of the coils be removed. This, in turn, increases the DC resistance of a given coil having a given number of turns leading to a degradation of its performance.

In this invention, we describe a novel two layer coil structure with low DC coil resistance for short yoke length stitched writer.

A routine search of the prior art was performed with the following references of interest being found:

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,288, Sasaki describes a device having two coils while in U.S. Pat. No. 6,466,404, Crue Jr. et al disclose a device having a coil embedded in the first pole. U.S. Pat. No. 6,396,660 (Jenson et al) shows a device wherein a coil is situated atop a heat sink. and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,523 Santini teaches a device having two coils, but the coils are not aligned. Hong et al show, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,466,401, a device having interlaced coils.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has been an object of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide a magnetic write head.

Another object of at least one embodiment of the present invention has been that said write head be driven by a write coil having a DC resistance less than about 5 ohms for a minimum of 9 turns.

Still another object of at least one embodiment of the present invention has been to provide a process for manufacturing said coil and write head.

These objects have been achieved by using a modified CMP process for forming and encapsulating the write coil. After formation of the coil on the floor of a suitable cavity, the cavity and coil are overfilled with photoresist which is then hard baked. A layer of alumina is then deposited onto the surface of the excess photoresist, following which CMP is initiated. The presence of the alumina serves to stabilize the photoresist so that it does not delaminate. CMP is terminated as soon as the coils are exposed, allowing their full thickness to be retained, resulting in minimum DC resistance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a stitched pole magnetic write head of the prior art showing how the thickness of the lower coil is limited.

FIG. 2 shows the starting point for the process of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates formation of the lower coil.

FIGS. 4-6 show the novel sub-process used for encapsulating and planarizing the lower coil.

FIGS. 7-9 illustrate the sub-process for forming and encapsulating the upper coil.

FIG. 10 schematically shows the end product of the process of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an plan view to scale of the cross section seen in FIG. 10

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

We will now describe a process to manufacture a coil feed-through design in which the coil DCR (DC resistance) is reduced in comparison to current LP (low profile) stitched writers.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the process of the present invention begins with the provision of a substrate (normally a completed GMR read head, including top and bottom shields) onto which is deposited bottom pole layer 13, typically a material such as CoFe, CoNiFe, or NiFe between about 1 and 3 microns thick. Layer 15 of high permeability material such as CoFeN or CoFe is deposited onto layer 13 to a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns. This is followed by the etching of a shallow trench having sloping sides that extends through layer 15 into layer 13 for a total depth of between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns, said depth being carefully controlled since this will determine the width of the throat of the device.

The trench in layer 13 is then overfilled with insulating material 14 a and planarized so as to be coplanar with 15. Following the deposition and patterning of layers 16 and 17 (write gap and flux concentrator respectively), stitched pole layer 19 is deposited to a thickness between about 1 and 2 microns and cavity 27 is etched therein to define the coil housing area. After the deposition of protective insulating layer 26 over the entire upper surface the structure has the appearance seen in FIG. 2.

Referring now to FIG. 3, lower coil 20 and connecting terminal 24 a are formed using conventional methods after deposition of a conductive seed layer (generally a laminate of copper on titanium) over layer 26, the coil shape was defined through a photoresist pattern and built up by electroplating copper to a thickness between about 1.5 and 2.5 microns onto all areas not covered by the resist, following which the resist was stripped and all areas of the seed layer not covered by copper were selectively etched away, giving the structure the appearance illustrated in FIG. 3.

Referring next to FIG. 4, insulating layer 14 b of photoresist is applied (preferably, but not mandatorily, by spin coating) and then hard baked between about 150 and 250° C. for between about 1 and 5 hours. A key feature of the invention is that layer 14 b is thick enough so that, after the baking process and planarization, its thickness is sufficient for there to be between about 1 and 2 microns of it extending above the tops of the copper coils 20. Layer 14 b must not be allowed to be part of the head's ABS (air bearing surface) since hard-baked photoresist is incompatible with the slider process under which the ABS operates.

Now follows another key feature of the invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the entire structure is covered by alumina layer 52, which is between about 5 and 6 microns thick. This is followed by planarization down to the level of lower coil 20. The presence of layer 52 during the final stages of the planarization process serves to stabilize the baked photoresist of layer 14 b so that it does not delaminate as the top surface of coil 20 is approached. This makes it possible to terminate planarization as soon as the coil is exposed, the end result being as illustrated in FIG. 6.

It is important to note that, at the conclusion of the process steps that have just been described, coil 20 has a DC resistance that is less than about 3 ohms (and has at least 5 turns). This is possible because the process steps that have been outlined immediately above allow a planarization process based on CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) to be executed without any reduction in the thickness of the coil.

Referring next to FIG. 7, insulating layer 14 c is laid down and patterned so that it just fits over the original cavity 27, forming a lid. Top coil 21 is then formed on the surface of 14 c in same way as was bottom coil 20. At the same time top coil connecting terminal 24 b is formed and is direct contact with lower coil terminal 24 a thereby ensuring that coils 20 and 21 are in parallel.

Then, as seen in FIG. 9, a second layer of hard baked photoresist 122 is applied and patterned so as to cover the upper coils and their terminals while leaving stitched pole 19 exposed. Formation of the structure is completed with the deposition of top pole layer 23 which is in contact with layer 19 as shown in FIG. 10

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the completed structure. 

1. A planarizing process comprising: providing a first layer of a material having an upper surface; etching in said first layer a cavity having a floor; forming on said cavity floor a copper coil, having at least 5 turns and a DC resistance that is less than about 3 ohms; applying a layer of photoresist to a thickness that is more than sufficient to cover said lower coil; hard baking said layer of photoresist and then planarizing so that between about 1.5 and 2 microns of remaining hard baked photoresist extends above said upper surface; coating said layer of baked photoresist with a layer of alumina; and planarizing by means of chemical mechanical polishing until said coil is just exposed and no photoresist remains on said upper surface.
 2. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said cavity has a depth between about 2 and 3 microns.
 3. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said cavity has a width between about 20 and 60 microns and a length between about 6 and 10 microns.
 4. The process recited in claim 1 wherein the step of forming a copper coil further comprises: depositing a conductive seed layer; defining a location and shape for said coil by means of a photoresist pattern and then electroplating copper to a thickness between about 1.5 and 2.5 microns onto all areas not covered by said photoresist; stripping away all photoresist; and then removing all areas of the seed layer that are not covered by copper.
 5. The process recited in claim 1 wherein the step of applying a layer of photoresist further comprises use of spin coating.
 6. The process recited in claim 1 wherein the step of hard baking said layer of photoresist further comprises baking in nitrogen for between about 150 and 250° C. for between about 1 to 5 hours.
 7. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said layer of alumina is deposited to a thickness between about 5 and 6 microns.
 8. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said layer of alumina is deposited by means of sputtering.
 9. A process to manufacture a stitched pole magnetic write head, having an air bearing surface, comprising: providing a seed layer on a substrate and depositing a bottom pole layer on said seed layer; depositing onto said bottom pole layer a layer of high permeability material; etching in said layer of high permeability material a shallow trench, having sloping sides, whose depth will determine a throat width for said read head; overfilling said trench with a first layer of insulating material and then planarizing so that said filled trench has an upper surface that is coplanar with said seed layer; depositing a write gap layer on said seed layer; then depositing a stitched pole layer and etching therein a cavity thereby forming a coil housing area; depositing a protective insulating layer over all exposed surfaces; forming on said protective insulating layer, inside said coil housing, a lower copper coil, having at least 5 turns and a DC resistance that is less than about 3 ohms; depositing a first layer of baked photoresist to a thickness that is more than sufficient to cover said lower coil; then coating said first layer of baked photoresist with a layer of alumina and planarizing until said lower coil is just exposed, whereby no photoresist extends out as far as said air bearing surface; depositing, and then patterning, a second insulating layer to form a lid that fully covers said lower coil and coil housing area; on said lid, forming an upper copper coil having at least 4 turns and a DC resistance that is less than about 2 ohms; forming an electrical connection between said upper and lower coils and then selectively encapsulating said upper coil in a second layer of baked photoresist; and then depositing a top pole layer while leaving a portion of said stitched pole near said air bearing surface uncovered.
 10. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said substrate is a completed magnetic read head, including top and bottom shields.
 11. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said bottom pole layer is CoFe, CoNiFe, or NiFe.
 12. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said bottom pole layer is deposited to a thickness between about 1 and 3 microns.
 13. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said high permeability layer is CoFeN or CoFe.
 14. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said high permeability pole layer is deposited to a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns.
 15. The process recited in claim 9 wherein the depth of said shallow trench is between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns.
 16. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said seed layer, onto which is deposited a bottom pole layer, is CoFeN.
 17. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said stitched pole layer is deposited to a thickness between about and 2 microns.
 18. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said coil housing has a depth between about 2 and 3 microns.
 19. The process recited in claim 9 wherein the step of forming said lower copper coil further comprises: depositing a conductive seed layer; defining a location and shape for said coil by means of a photoresist pattern and then electroplating copper to a thickness between about 1.5 and 2.5 microns onto all areas not covered by said photoresist; stripping away all photoresist; and then removing all areas of the seed layer that are not covered by copper.
 20. The process recited in claim 9 wherein said layer of alumina is deposited to a thickness between about 5 and 6 microns.
 21. A stitched pole magnetic write head, having an air bearing surface, comprising: a bottom pole layer on a seed layer; a layer of high permeability materia on said bottom pole layer; in said layer of high permeability material, a shallow trench, having sloping sides, whose depth determines a throat width for said read head; said trench being filled with a first layer of insulating material so that its upper surface is coplanar with said seed layer; a write gap layer; a stitched pole layer on said write gap layer and a coil housing area having the form of a cavity in said stitched pole layer; a protective insulating layer that lines said coil housing cavity and covers said stitched pole layer; inside said coil housing on said protective insulating layer, a lower copper coil, having at least 5 turns and a DC resistance that is less than about 3 ohms, said coil housing being filled with a first layer of baked photoresist having an upper surface that is coplanar with that of said lower coil; an insulating lid that fully covers said lower coil and coil housing area; on said lid, an upper copper coil having at least 4 turns and a DC resistance that is less than about 2 ohms; an electrical connection between said upper and lower coils; said upper coil being selectively encapsulated in a second layer of baked photoresist; and a top pole layer that covers all surfaces except a portion of said stitched pole near said air bearing surface.
 22. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said seed layer lies on a completed magnetic read head, including top and bottom shields.
 23. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said bottom pole layer is CoFe, CoNiFe, or NiFe.
 24. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said bottom pole layer has a thickness between about 1 and 3 microns.
 25. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said high permeability layer is CoFeN or CoFe.
 26. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said high permeability pole layer has a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns.
 27. The write head described in claim 21 wherein the depth of said shallow trench is between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns.
 28. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said stitched pole layer has a thickness between about and 2 microns.
 29. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said coil housing has a depth between about 2 and 3 microns.
 30. The write head described in claim 21 wherein said layer of alumina has a thickness between about 5 and 6 microns. 